![]() The prelude section of the Panchatantra identifies an octogenarian Brahmin named Vishnu Sharma (IAST: Viá¹£á¹uÅarman) as its author. In Laos, a version is called Nandaka-prakarana, while in Thailand it has been referred to as Nang Tantrai. Several versions of the text are also found in Indonesia, where it is titled as Tantri Kamandaka, Tantravakya or Candapingala and consists of 360 fables. In Germany, its translation in 1480 by Anton von Pforr has been widely read. ![]() Most European versions of the text are derivative works of the 12th-century Hebrew version of Panchatantra by Rabbi Joel. The book is also known as The Fables of Bidpai (or Pilpai in various European languages, Vidyapati in Sanskrit) or The Morall Philosophie of Doni (English, 1570). A New Persian version by Rudaki in the 12th century became known as KalÄ«leh o Demneh and this was the basis of Kashefi's 15th-century AnvÄr-i SuhaylÄ« (The Lights of Canopus), which in turn was translated into Humayun-namah in Turkish. This became the basis for a Syriac translation as Kalilag and Damnag and a translation into Arabic in 750 CE by Persian scholar Abdullah Ibn al-Muqaffa as KalÄ«lah wa Dimnah. The earliest known translation into a non-Indian language is in Middle Persian (Pahlavi, 550 CE) by Burzoe. ![]()
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March 2023
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